Responsible animal research: a riff of Rs

By Rowan, A. - Goldberg, A.

The Three Rs, reduction, refinement and replacement, were introduced in 1959 by Russell & Burch in their important publication The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. These Three Rs are now collectively referred to as alternatives. Using the letter R, we have developed an expanded list of Rs not only to stimulate our own thinking, but to encourage others to examine the issue of alternatives in animal research.



Issued: May/June 1995

Journal Title: Alternatives to laboratory animals

ISSN: 0261-1929

Volume issue: 23 v. 3 no.

Pages: 306 - 311

AGRICOLA identifier: IND20542034
This page was updated on 11 February 2021
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