Precision-cut guinea-pig liver slices as a tool for studying the toxicity of volatile anaesthetics

By Ghantous, H.N. - Fernando, J. - Morgan, S.E. - Gandolfi, A.J. - Brandel, K.

Cultured precision-cut liver slices retain normal liver architecture and physiological biochemical functions. Hartley male guinea-pig liver slices have proven to be a good model for studying the biotransformation and toxicity of halothane. This system was used to evaluate the biotransformation and toxicity of different volatile anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane), and compare their effects to those of new anaesthetics (desflurane). Liver slices (250-300 micrometers thick) were incubated in sealed roller vials, containing Krebs Henseleit buffer at 37 degrees C under 95% O2:5% CO2 atmosphere. Volatile anaesthetics were delivered by volatilisation after pre-incubation for 1 hour to produce a constant concentration in the medium. Production of the metabolites, trifluroacetic acid and fluoride ion, was measured. Intracellular potassium ion content, protein synthesis and secretion were determined as indicators of viability of the slices. The rank order of biotransformation of anaesthetics by the liver slices was halothane > sevoflurane > isoflurane and enflurane > desflurane. The rank order of hepatotoxicity of these anaesthetics was halothane > isoflurane and enflurane > sevoflurane and desflurane. Halothane is the anaesthetic which is metabolised furthest and has the most toxic effect, while desflurane is the least metabolised anaesthetic and has the least toxicity. This in vitro cultured precision-cut liver slice system appears to be suitable for studying the biotransformation of volatile anaesthetics and correlating its role in the resulting toxicity.